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Research Article : Isolation and Characterization of Mannanase-producing Bacillus cereus Isolated from the Hindgut of Termites

Abstract

Background and Objective: Mannanase is a mannan-degrading enzyme that can be produced by microorganisms such as bacteria. Mannanase is widely used in the animal feed industry with the aim of improving the quality of feed ingredients containing high levelsof mannan, such as palm kernel meal. This study aimed to isolate, characterize and produce mannanase from bacteria found in thehindgut of termites. Materials and Methods: Bacteria were isolated by culturing on solid media containing 0.5% locust bean gum for24 h at 30EC. The mannanolytic index was then measured by the addition of 2% congo red, which was then washed with 1 M NaCl. Mannanase activity was measured by the dinitrosalicylic acid method, while the protein content was measured by the Bradford method. Results: A total of 8 isolates were obtained. The 3 isolates with the highest mannanolytic indices were selected (isolates V9, AZ and AD).Isolate V9 exhibited the highest mannanase activity of 29.50 U/ mL after 88 h of incubation with a specific activity of 110.32 U/mg. Theactivity of the mannanase was optimal at pH 8 and at an incubation temperature of 50oC. Based on 16S-DNA analysis, isolate V9 wasidentified as Bacillus cereus. Conclusion:Bacillus cereus, which is isolated from the hindgut of termites, has fairly high mannanase activity and has the potential to hydrolyse mannan in feed ingredients such as palm kernel meal.

Key words: Termites, hindgut, mannanase activity, Bacillus cereus, incubation, palm kernel meal.

Received: September 25, 2017Accepted: January 03, 2018

Published: February 15, 2018

Citation: Mairizal, Yetti Marlida, Mirzah and Fahmida Manin, 2018. Isolation and characterization of mannanase-producing Bacillus cereus isolated fromthe hindgut of termites. Pak. J. Nutr., 17: 116-123.

Corresponding Author: Mairizal, Department of Poultry Nutrition, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia http://docsdrive.com/pdfs/ansinet/pjn/2018/116-123.pdf

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BAHAN PAKAN SUMBER ENERGI

Bahan pakan sumber energi .

Bahan pakan sumber energi mengandung
1.    karbohidrat ( pati ) relative tinggi dibandingkan zat –zat makanan lainnya .
2.     kandungan protein sekitar 10%. Bahan pakan yang termasuk golongan tersebut yang pada umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan pakan peternak ayam di Indonesia . yaitu:
a)    Jagung kuning .
b)     dedak padi .
c)    ubi kayu .
d)    sorghum( cantel ) dan lain-lainnya.
1. Jagung
Penggunaan jagung bagi pakan ternak terutama unggas rata-rata berkisar 45-55% porsinya. Hal ini karena jagung mempunyai banyak keunggulan di bandingkan bahan baku lainnya. Dua diantara keunggulan jagung adalah kandungan energinya yang bisa mencapai 3350 kcal/kg (NRC 1994) dan xantophil yang cukup tinggi. Dari sisi asam amino jagung dipandang sebagai bahan yang cukup kaya akan methionine (rasio) sehingga kombinasi jagung dengan sumber lysine seperti Soybean Meal dirasa cukup baik dalam penyusunan ransum. Namun demikian, kandungan energi, xantophil dan asam amino jagung sebenarnya di pengaruhi oleh banyak faktor. Salah satu contoh adalah kadar air, semakin tinggi kadar air jagung maka semakin rendah kandungan energi di dalamnya. Selain jagung kuning, masih ada 2 warna lagi, pada jagung (Zea mays), yaitu jagung putih dan jagung merah. Diantara ketiga warna itu, jagung merah dan jagung putih jarang terlihat di Indonesia. Jagung kuning merupakan bahan baku ternah dan ikan yang populer digunakan di Indonesia dan di beberapa negara. Jagung kuning digunakan sebagai bahan baku penghasil energi, tetapi bukan sebagai bahan sumber protein, karena kadar protein yang rendah (8,9%), bahkan defisien terhadap asam amino penting, terutama lysin dan triptofan. http://m-isrok.blogspot.com/2012/05/bahan-pakan-sumber-energi.html